Varicose veins of the lower extremities or varicose veins of the lower extremities - enlargement of the surface veins, accompanied by valve failure and damaged blood flow.
This is the most common disease of the peripheral vessels.According to epidemiological data, various forms of this disease are found in 26-28% of women and 10-20% of men of work age.
Risk factors for the development of varicose veins
Its heritage and role in the development of varicose veins are not unclear confirmation.One of the main counterants of the presence of a genetic predisposition is the different frequency of varicose disease in ethnic Africans and their other tribes that emigrated to the United States and Western European countries.Moreover, compared to its sedentary tribes, the frequency of varicose veins, which does not exceed 0.5%, immigrants have a reliable incidence increase of 10-20%.In this regard, the conclusion is evident in the varicose disease of the environmental factors, the characteristics of the lifestyle and food.
gestationTraditionally it is considered one of the main risk factors for the development of varicose veins, in particular, more frequent damage (3-4 times) to women.It is generally acknowledged that the main provocative moments are an increase in BCC (circulating blood volume) and the compression of the pregnant uterus of the retroperitoneal veins.Meanwhile, the results of epidemiological studies show that only the second and later pregnancies lead to a reliable increase in the frequency of varicose veins by 20-30%.At the same time, the first signs of the disease already appear in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, when a sharp increase in BCC or an increase in pregnant womb does not yet occur.
Thickening- Proven risk factor for varicose veins.At the same time, an increase in body weight index to 27 kg/m2 and above leads to an increase in the frequency of the disease by 33%.
The high frequency of varicose veins in industrialized countries is to some extent due to nutritional characteristics.A high degree of food processing and reducing the diet of raw vegetables and fruits led to a constant deficiency of plant fibers needed for remodeling of the venous wall and chronic constipation, which cause permanent increase in intra -abdominal pressure.
BEIt has a significant impact on the development and flow of varicose veins.In particular, the adverse effect of long -term static loads with lifting weights or a non -moving stand in the standing and landing position has been established.In Asian countries, the most common use of chairs and chairs in the European part of the population led to a reliable (3-4 times) growth in the frequency of varicose veins compared to people who are traditionally sitting on the mattress.
Special conditionsParticipate in the pathogenesis of varicose veins.Their role in recent years has increased progressively, which is due to the widespread use of hormonal contraception tools, the popularization of hormone replacement therapy in the period in the treatment of osteoporosis.It is proven that estrogens and progesterone, as well as their derivatives, reduce the tone of the venous wall due to the gradual destruction of collagen and elastic fibers.
Clinical picture of varicose veins
Varicose veins is a disease that is not indifferent to beautiful sex.A varicose veins of female veins are on average three times more often than men.
Varicose vein signs are knit stretch of subcutaneous veins, pain, severity in the foot, swelling of the leg and lower leg, foot fatigue until the end of the day.Varicose joints are often prone to the formation of blood clots and infection.Phlebititis can develop - inflammation of the blood vessels or thrombophlebitis - inflammation of the blood vessels complicated by blood clots.During the veins there are hard, very painful ropes.The skin changes, loses its elasticity and the color-becomes dense, dark brown.With slight damage, ulcers occur.A young woman can become a person with disabilities at age 40.
These are symptoms should make you alert - these are varicose veins symptoms:
- Pain The causes of pain in varicose veins are very, very numerous.A variety of pain in varicose veins is also very rich:
- Hot pulsating pain,
- Night cramps and itching in muscle,
- Pain when walking
- Pain along venous drawers,
- General pain and leg pain.
- Swelling in the leg.
- A feeling of explosion and heavy legs.
- The skin changes.At first, the skin becomes dry, the pigmentation appears - the skin of the feet darkens, covered with "brown spots".Later, various dermatitis, eczema and so -called trophic disorders in the form of poorly healing wounds until ulcers formation can join these symptoms.
- A veins with compressed, elongated varicose veins, elongated on the surface of the skin of the feet and feet, with cylindrical or mixed extension.
- Vascular stars (telangioectasia).Yes, people with varicose veins are also included in the group of patients with the expansion of small veins, as the causes of their appearance are the same.
The earliest stages of varicose veins development are very difficult to detect and diagnosis, because in the early stages of the disease there is no main feature - varicose veins.And the first and early symptoms of varicose veins, such as the sensation of the severity of the feet, moderate leg pain, increased fatigue, are also found with the initial stages of arterial diseases, flat feet, lumbar osteochondrosis.
In such difficult cases, it is impossible to make the correct diagnosis yourself - you will need a doctor's consultation or even some specialists - a phlef, a neurologist, a surgeon and a manual therapist.Tall temporary instrumental diagnostic methods will also be required, such as ultrasound or phlebography.
The first symptoms of varicose veins of the legs, during which you can doubt the onset of varicose veins, is an increase in the vein pattern on the skin of the legs.This defect, as we have already noticed, most commonly observed by young women: standing or hips they notice wreaths that were not there before.There may be no other complaints at the beginning of varicose veins.
And often, such symptoms of an initial varicose disease precede the appearance of pain and other unpleasant sensations.Often the first "findings" of veins are accompanied by absolutely no unpleasant sensations.
The onset of the development and progression of varicose veins already manifested by extending over the surface of the skinvaricose nodes.One or more.This is the main symptom of the initial varicose disease.Varicose joints can be detected most often on the inner surface of the legs or buttocks.With long walking or extended legs, such a symptom of varicose veins manifested asFatigue, aggravation in the leg, a feeling of explosion(often - in calves).These symptoms manifest particularly clearly with prolonged stand in a sitting position or standing.There is also painful or acute pain in varicose veins (diluted veins), convulsions in the calf muscles, especially in the evening, and sometimes at night.
The first signs of dysfunction in the veins manifest andswelling of the feet by the end of the day.Edema usually occurs in the evening, especially after prolonged stay.After the night break, the swelling disappears completely.
These symptoms of varicose expansion initially pass quickly, if you rest, especially if you lie down.However, the disappearance or decrease of these symptoms when walking and after night rest are very characteristic of the symptoms of varicose disease.
But varicose veins, if not seriously engaged, do not withdraw,progress.Over time, such symptoms of varicose veins likeInvaded dark blue intradermal veins, extending over the surface of the skin of the feet and feet and similar to the red grape clusters.All this is accompaniedbursting with pain in the legs and calves, a feeling of heat in the legs, night convulsions in the calf muscles, swelling.Gradually join these symptomsSkin changes.At first the skin becomes dry, darkened, a pigment appears in it - brown spots.A little later the so -calledTrophic disorders: Poor healing of wounds-explosions and even ulcers.
PainThey start to worry more and more often, especially in the afternoon or in the evening.
Troubleshooting
Currently, the main methods affordable for the diagnosis of varicose veins are:
- Ultrasound dopplerography.The most common method of primary diagnosis of lower extremities veins is today ultrasound dopplerography.This method is based on the effect of the doppler, which consists in the fact that the ultrasound waves passing through the fabrics are reflected by the movement of blood cells and alter their frequency.Very sensitive sensors, adjusting these changes, reproduce them with a special device in the form of sound signals that resemble wind noise, or a graphic curve.
- Double scan (two -dimensional) allows you to record the image of a venous vessel on the monitor screen at a real time with the evaluation of blood flow to it.Three -dimensional scanning, except the above, allows you to get a color image of the blood flow.
- Phlebography.Flebography is a radiopaque vein study, which has been, and in some cases remains, the decisive diagnostic method of examination of patients with veins and, mainly in the case of their complications.
Treatment of Varicose veins
The successful solution to the problem of varicose veins treatment is composed of the sequential implementation of the following tasks:
- Elimination of varicose veins;
- Eliminate HVN signs;
- Preventing the progression and restoring of the disease.
Ways to treat varicose veins:
- Compression therapy;
- Conservative therapy;
- Surgical treatment (phlebectomy);
- Sclerotherapy.
First of all, they try to treat varicose veins with conservative methods.Strictly, this is not a method of treating varicose veins.All conservative methods in "varicose veins treatment" are intended, first of all, in the prevention of the disease and its complications.Conservative methods are also the only possible therapy if the patient has serious contraindications to other methods of treatment or if the patient rejects surgical treatment of varicose veins.Radical elimination of varicose syndrome is only possible surgical, at the same time, the functional result of treatment is of great importance, which means eliminating or minimizing HVN manifestations.
Treatment of varicose veins should be complex and individual, most often including conservative and surgical treatment.The doctor may only recommend the method of treating varicose veins based on his experience, but the decision always remains you